UNESCO includes archaeological sites in the West Bank and Lebanon despite Israeli objections
A United Nations committee inscribed an archaeological site in the West Bank and a group of castles in southern Lebanon on the World Heritage List. The decision was made at a UNESCO meeting in South Korea, days after Israel urged the rejection of the nominations, calling them an attempt to “instrumentalize cultural heritage.”
Sebastia, a hill town 10 km northwest of Nablus (occupied West Bank), is identified as ancient Samaria, capital of the biblical Kingdom of Israel. Its remains range from the Iron Age to the Islamic period. The Palestinian bid, submitted in 2012, argued that World Heritage status would help preserve the site, which remains undeveloped under Israeli control.
The five castles of Mount Amel, also included, combine influences from Crusaders, Ayyubids and Mamluks. Among them is Beaufort Castle (Al-Shaqif), taken by Israeli forces in May during their deepest incursion into Lebanon in more than 25 years.
Adel Naim Daoud Atieh of the Palestinian delegation said: “who have protected this extraordinary site for generations, despite occupation, restrictions and repeated attempts to separate it from their own heritage.” An Israeli delegate called the decision a “disgrace” and accused it of politicization. Israel withdrew from UNESCO in 2019.
The Israeli Foreign Ministry accused the Palestinian delegation of a “hostile and unilateral campaign” and claimed that Hezbollah has turned Beaufort Castle into a military stronghold. UNESCO responded that all nominations are evaluated under the same criteria and that it does not take a position on political disputes. A Lebanese delegate noted that the castles have been used “only for cultural and tourist purposes” since the Israeli withdrawal in 2000.
Additionally, the committee included Tyre, an ancient Phoenician city in southern Lebanon, on the List of World Heritage in Danger, following intense Israeli airstrikes during the war against Hezbollah before the June ceasefire.