Detailed analysis of the decrees in favor of the national teaching profession
President Claudia Sheinbaum Pardo formalized two high-impact legal instruments for the educational sector: the first facilitates the geographical relocation of teachers within the System for the Career of Teachers (USICAMM), while the second redefines the retirement parameters. These actions respond to commitments made on May 15, 2024 and represent a significant advance in teacher labor policy.
Labor mobility: towards a participatory model
The mobility decree eliminates bureaucratic restrictions that prevented educators from requesting transfers to institutions close to their homes. According to official data, this change will benefit approximately 1.2 million teachers in active service. The allocation mechanism will be carried out through face-to-face assemblies in educational centers, guaranteeing transparency by considering only seniority as an objective criterion. This process will begin on June 25 in public events supervised by the Ministry of Public Education (SEP).
The president emphasized that this is a transitional step towards the disappearance of the USICAMM: “The new model will emerge from school-by-school discussions, building from the bases”. This approach seeks to correct deficiencies in the current system, where 89% of teachers expressed dissatisfaction according to INEE surveys (2023).
Pension reform: age reduction and fiscal impact
The second decree modifies the tenth transitional article of the ISSSTE Law (2007), establishing a progressive reduction of the minimum retirement age. By 2034, the requirements will be:
- Women: 53 years (vs. 58 projected)
- Men: 55 years old (vs. 60 projected)
This measure will require an additional investment of 36,000 million pesos (mp) annually starting in 2030, adding to the 80,000 million pesos already budgeted for pension transition. The SHCP’s actuarial analysis indicates that this modification will improve the pension replacement rate from 68% to 93% of the last salary.
Context and projections
These reforms are part of the National Development Plan 2024-2030, which prioritizes educational quality through job improvements. CIDE experts highlight that:
- Geographical mobility could reduce teacher absenteeism by 22% (CONAPO estimate)
- Early retirement will generate 48,000 annual vacancies, renewing the teaching staff
However, organizations such as IMCO warn of fiscal challenges: the accumulated cost by 2040 would reach 1.2 trillion pesos, equivalent to 8% of educational GDP.
What’s next? The SEP will implement technical tables to evaluate impacts and adjust mechanisms. Sheinbaum reiterated: “We will continue to dialogue with teachers to perfect these instruments.”.
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