Diagnosis and treatment of congenital heart diseases
Congenital heart diseases are structural defects of the heart present from birth. They affect approximately 1% of newborns worldwide. Early detection is key to saving lives.
Dr. Alexis Palacios Macedo, head of cardiovascular surgery at the National Institute of Pediatrics and leader of the Pediatric Heart Center at ABC Medical Center, explains:
A congenital heart disease is, by definition, a disease that a child is born with.
How are they detected?
Diagnosis begins at first trimester structural ultrasounds. The gynecologist observes the fetal anatomy. If you notice any abnormalities, refer to a cardiologist specializing in fetal echocardiography. Between weeks 18 and 20, various heart diseases can be accurately diagnosed. This allows you to prepare for delivery with a medical team ready to intervene immediately if necessary.
Classification and causes
Heart diseases are divided into cyanotic (lack of oxygenation, bluish skin) and acyanogenic (defects without immediate alteration of oxygen). They can also be obstructive or non-obstructive. In most cases, the cause is unknown. Genetic and environmental factors—such as alcohol consumption or certain medications in the first eight weeks of gestation—can influence, although not always directly.
Treatment options
- Pediatric surgery: between 70% and 80% of children with heart disease require intervention in their first year. It can be corrective or palliative.
- Pediatric catheterization: minimally invasive procedure to close orifices or dilate structures without opening the chest. Ideal for less complex defects.
The Pediatric Heart Center at ABC Medical Center offers a highly specialized ecosystem: diagnostic imaging, fetal echocardiography, catheterizations, complex surgery and neonatal intensive care. Everything in one space, with international alliances and a multidisciplinary approach.
Timely detection not only saves hearts; gives each patient the opportunity for a functional and fulfilling future.




