A historic step at the end of life
France’s National Assembly gave the final green light to a bill that allows adults with incurable diseases to receive medication to end their life. The vote was 291 in favor and 241 against, after a long parliamentary process initiated more than three years ago by President Emmanuel Macron.
“I made a commitment to the French people to open this path. With seriousness, humility and respect for our democracy, that commitment has been fulfilled,” Macron wrote in X.
Rigorous conditions
The law focuses on self-administration of lethal medication. Only patients over 18 years of age, citizens or legal residents, with a serious, incurable disease and in an advanced or terminal phase can request it. The pain must be unbearable and uncontrollable, and the request voluntary.
Psychological suffering alone does not qualify. People with serious psychiatric disorders or neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s are also not eligible. The process includes an application reviewed in 15 days and a reflection period of at least two days.
The patient will be able to choose the time and place, even at home, accompanied by loved ones. A doctor or nurse will verify your wish moments before and will remain nearby in case complications arise. Health insurance will cover all costs.
Divided reactions
The Association for the Right to Die with Dignity celebrated the law: it allows “choosing to end unbearable suffering, freely and with full awareness.” Its president, Jonathan Denis, stressed that “a law that creates a new right never forces anyone to exercise it.”
In contrast, the anti-euthanasia group Alliance Vita warned that “presenting death as a desirable solution can never be an acceptable response to suffering” and called for strengthening palliative care. They fear pressure on elderly or disabled people.
Constitutional review pending
The Senate, with a conservative majority, rejected the project. However, the National Assembly has the final say. Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu and the president of the Senate will refer the law to the Constitutional Council, which must rule within a month. Only after that approval will it come into force.
France thus joins the countries that regulate medical assistance in dying. In the United Kingdom, a similar project is advancing with new amendments, while in Germany the Bundestag rejected two proposals in 2023.




